JLPT N5 Grammar - Page 4

Study JLPT N5 grammar patterns

の
•
Possessive particle ('of'); also nominalizes verbs and adjectives.
Usage Context: Used to show possession or relation between two nouns, or to nominalize a verb for making it a noun-like expression.
Formation: Noun1 + の + Noun2; Verb (dictionary form) + の; Adjective + の
か
•
Question marker
Usage Context: Used to ask a question.
Formation: Add か at the end of a sentence to make it a question.
ね
•
Sentence-ending particle
Usage Context: Used to seek agreement or confirmation from the listener.
Formation: [Sentence] + ね
よ
•
Sentence-ending particle for emphasis or assertion
Usage Context: Used when you wish to emphasize a statement or provide new information to the listener.
Formation: よ is attached to the end of a sentence to emphasize or assert the statement.
まだ
•
still; not yet
Usage Context: Used to express that something is ongoing or has not occurred yet.
Formation: Used before the negative form of verbs to indicate 'not yet,' or with verbs/adjectives to indicat...
もう
•
already; anymore
Usage Context: Used to express completion or the state of something being done; also used to imply 'not anymore' in negative sentences.
Formation: もう + Verb/Adjective/Noun
だけ
•
Only; just
Usage Context: Used to limit the amount or extent of an action, object, or description.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + だけ / Noun + だけ / Adjective (plain form) + だけ
しか～ない
•
Only; nothing but...
Usage Context: This form is used to express exclusivity or limitation in Japanese, often when only one certain thing is available.
Formation: Noun + しか + Negative verb
どうして
•
Why
Usage Context: Used to inquire about the reason or cause of an action or event.
Formation: Used at the beginning of a question to ask for the reason behind something
いつ
•
When
Usage Context: Used when asking for the time of a specific action or event.
Formation: Used as a question word at the beginning or within a sentence to ask about time.
どこ
•
Where
Usage Context: Used to inquire about the location of something or someone.
Formation: どこ + が/に/を/へ/で/ですか (depending on the sentence structure)
何
•
what
Usage Context: Used in questions to inquire about things or actions.
Formation: Generally used to ask questions about 'what'. It connects directly to verbs, nouns, and counters.
どれ
•
Which (used alone)
Usage Context: Used when asking to identify or select one item among several in a casual or formal setting.
Formation: As a standalone word to ask which item among several.
どの
•
Which (used with a noun)
Usage Context: Used to specify or ask which object or person among multiple choices.
Formation: どの + Noun
だれ
•
Who
Usage Context: Used when asking for the identity of someone.
Formation: Used as a question word at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb.
いくつ
•
How many
Usage Context: Used to inquire about the quantity or number of countable items.
Formation: いくつ + の/ですか
より
•
Comparison marker ('than')
Usage Context: This form is used when making a comparison between two entities.
Formation: Noun + より
のほうが
•
Preference marker ('more than')
Usage Context: When comparing two things to show preference or superiority of one over the other.
Formation: Noun 1 + のほうが + Noun 2 + より + Adjective/Verb
くなる or になる
•
To become (い-adjectives / な-adjectives and nouns)
Usage Context: Used to express a change or transformation, such as becoming warmer, healthier, or becoming a student.
Formation: For い-adjectives: Remove い and add くなる. For な-adjectives and nouns: Add になる.
ている
•
Continuous or ongoing action or state
Usage Context: Used when talking about an action in progress or a state that is ongoing in the present.
Formation: Verb (て-form) + いる
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