JLPT N5 Grammar - Page 1

Study JLPT N5 grammar patterns

Copula; to be (am, is, are)

Usage Context: This form is used to identify or describe nouns or adjectives.

Formation: Noun + だ/です, Na-adjective + だ/です. Used at the end of the sentence.

Negative form of だ / です

Usage Context: Used to negate nouns in both informal and formal settings.

Formation: Noun + じゃない (casual) / ではない (formal)

Usage Context: Used in informal contexts to describe a noun or a state expressed by a な-adjective in the past.

Formation: Noun + だった / な-Adjective + だった

じゃなかった

was not / were not

Usage Context: Used in a casual context to indicate that a statement was not true in the past.

Formation: Used with nouns and na-adjectives to express past negation.

Polite verb ending

Usage Context: Used in polite conversations, formal settings, or when addressing superiors.

Formation: Verb stem + ます

polite negative verb ending

Usage Context: Used in polite or formal situations to indicate that an action will not happen or is not being done.

Formation: Verb stem + ません

Polite past verb ending

Usage Context: Used when speaking politely about past actions or events.

Formation: Verb stem + ました

ませんでした

Polite past negative verb ending

Usage Context: Used in polite conversations or writing to say that an action did not happen.

Formation: Verb (ます form) stem + ませんでした

Let's; polite suggestion

Usage Context: Used when suggesting doing something together in a polite manner.

Formation: Verb stem + ましょう

ましょうか

Usage Context: Used to ask if one should do something or to politely offer assistance.

Formation: Verb stem + ましょうか

Usage Context: Used to express one's desire or wish to perform an action.

Formation: Verb stem + たい

Don't want to..

Usage Context: Used to express a desire not to do something.

Formation: verb (stem form) + たくない

Usage Context: Used to express a past desire to perform an action.

Formation: Verb (stem form) + たかった

たくなかった

Didn't want to..

Usage Context: Used to express a past desire not to do something.

Formation: Verb stem + たくなかった

Continuous or ongoing action or state

Usage Context: Used when talking about an action in progress or a state that is ongoing in the present.

Formation: Verb (て-form) + いる

てください

Usage Context: Used to make polite requests or give instructions.

Formation: Verb in te-form + ください

ないでください

Please don't...

Usage Context: Used to make polite requests not to do something.

Formation: Verb (negative form) + でください

てもいいです

It's okay to...

Usage Context: Used when giving permission or stating that it's okay to do something.

Formation: Verb (て-form) + もいいです

てはいけません

Usage Context: Used to prohibit an action, often found in rules, instructions, or when giving orders.

Formation: Verb in te-form + はいけません

Usage Context: Used to describe an action that happens after another action has been completed.

Formation: Verb (て-form) + から

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