JLPT N5 Grammar - Page 3

Study JLPT N5 grammar patterns

まだ～ていません
•
Not yet...
Usage Context: It is used when you want to say something has not been done yet, often in response to a question about whether someth...
Formation: まだ + verb in te-form + いません
から
•
Because; since
Usage Context: Used when giving a reason or explanation for something.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + から, い-adjective (plain form) + から, な-adjective + だから, Noun + だから
ので
•
Because; since
Usage Context: Used to explain reasons or causes in both spoken and written Japanese.
Formation: Verb (casual form) + ので; い-adjective + ので; な-adjective + なので; Noun + なので
どうして
•
Why
Usage Context: Used to inquire about the reason or cause of an action or event.
Formation: Used at the beginning of a question to ask for the reason behind something
とき
•
~when; at the time of
Usage Context: Used to refer to moments or situations in which something happens or exists.
Formation: Verb: Dictionary form + とき, Verb (Past tense): た-form + とき, い-adjective: Dictionary form + とき, な-...
ながら
•
While doing...
Usage Context: This form is used to describe two actions happening at the same time, often one main action and a secondary action th...
Formation: Verb stem + ながら
もし～たら
•
If...; in case...
Usage Context: Used when stating what would happen under a certain condition or circumstance.
Formation: Verb (た-form) + ら
い adjectives
•
Conjugation of い-adjectives
Usage Context: Used to describe nouns using adjectives ending in い or to express different tenses and forms of these adjectives.
Formation: い-adjectives are used to describe nouns and can be conjugated to express tense and negation.
な adjectives
•
Conjugation of な-adjectives
Usage Context: Used to describe nouns and form predicates with な-adjectives.
Formation: Base form + な + Noun
は
•
Topic marker particle
Usage Context: Used to highlight or shift the focus to the topic or subject of the sentence.
Formation: Noun + は
が
•
Subject marker particle
Usage Context: Used when you want to specify the subject of the sentence.
Formation: Used to indicate the subject of a sentence. Generally follows a noun to show that it is the subje...
を
•
Direct object marker particle
Usage Context: Used to identify the direct object in a sentence.
Formation: [Noun] + を + [Verb]
に
•
To (direction)
Usage Context: In Japanese, 'に' is used to specify the direction towards which something moves, the time when something occurs, or t...
Formation: Noun + に
へ
•
Direction marker particle
Usage Context: Used to indicate direction or destination, often with verbs of motion.
Formation: Noun + へ
で
•
By / In / At / With
Usage Context: Used to indicate where an action takes place or the means by which an action is performed.
Formation: Noun + で
から
•
Because; since
Usage Context: Used when giving a reason or explanation for something.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + から, い-adjective (plain form) + から, な-adjective + だから, Noun + だから
まで
•
until/to
Usage Context: Used to specify the endpoint of a time or place.
Formation: Verb Dictionary Form + まで\nNoun + まで
も
•
also/too
Usage Context: Used to add inclusivity, indicating that something applies as well to other mentioned items.
Formation: Used directly after a noun, pronoun, or nominal phrase.
と
•
Particle 'and' or 'with'
Usage Context: Used to list items or indicate accompaniment with people or things.
Formation: Noun1 + と + Noun2
や
•
Particle for incomplete lists ('and things like')
Usage Context: Used when mentioning a few examples of a larger group.
Formation: Noun + や + Noun
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