JLPT N5 Grammar - Page 2

Study JLPT N5 grammar patterns

たり～たりする
•
Doing things like... and...
Usage Context: Used when giving examples of actions or states among a list that implies other actions or states as well. Often used ...
Formation: Verb (た-form) + り + Verb (た-form) + り + する
たことがある
•
Have done... (experience)
Usage Context: Commonly used to describe past experiences.
Formation: Verb (past casual form) + ことがある
ないといけない
•
Must do...; have to...
Usage Context: This form is commonly used in both spoken and written Japanese to express obligation or necessity.
Formation: Verb in negative form + といけない
なくてはいけない
•
Must do...; have to....
Usage Context: Used to express necessity or obligation in daily conversations.
Formation: Verb in negative form (ない form) + なくてはいけない
なければならない
•
Must do; have to
Usage Context: Used to express a strong obligation to do something, similar to 'must' or 'have to' in English.
Formation: Verb (Negative Form) + なければならない
でしょう
•
~deshou
Usage Context: Used to express uncertainty or probability.
Formation: Use でしょう after plain forms: Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns.
だろう
•
Probably; I think (informal)
Usage Context: Used when making a guess or prediction without strong certainty in casual conversations.
Formation: Attach to dictionary form of verbs, and to i-adjectives or na-adjectives in plain form. Also used...
かもしれません
•
Might...; may...
Usage Context: Used when expressing uncertainty or a guess about something.
Formation: Verb (casual form) + かもしれません / い-adjective + かもしれません / な-adjective + かもしれません / Noun + かもしれません
と思います
•
I think that...
Usage Context: Used when expressing a personal opinion or thought.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + と思います / い-Adjective (plain form) + と思います / な-Adjective + だ + と思います / Noun + だ...
と言います
•
To say that...
Usage Context: This form is used to report what someone says or to introduce one's name.
Formation: When using ～と言います, attach ～と to a statement or a name followed by 言います.
やすい
•
Easy to...
Usage Context: Used to express that an action is easy to perform.
Formation: Verb stem + やすい
にくい
•
Difficult to...
Usage Context: This form is used when you want to indicate that some action is difficult to carry out.
Formation: Verb（ます form without ます） + にくい
すぎる
•
Too much...; excessively...
Usage Context: Used when expressing that an action or state is excessive or too much.
Formation: Verb stem + すぎる; i-adjective stem (remove final い) + すぎる; na-adjective stem (remove な) + すぎる.
ほうがいい
•
Had better...; should...
Usage Context: Used when giving advice or suggesting what someone should do.
Formation: Verb (Past tense) + ほうがいい\nVerb (Negative present tense) + ほうがいい
のが好きです
•
Like doing ~
Usage Context: Used to express a preference for an action or activity.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + のが好きです
のが上手です
•
Good at doing...
Usage Context: Used when you want to describe someone's skill or proficiency in a particular activity.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + のが上手です
のが下手です
•
Bad at doing...
Usage Context: Used to describe someone's lack of skill in a particular activity or action.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + のが下手です
だけ
•
Only; just
Usage Context: Used to limit the amount or extent of an action, object, or description.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + だけ / Noun + だけ / Adjective (plain form) + だけ
しか～ない
•
Only; nothing but...
Usage Context: This form is used to express exclusivity or limitation in Japanese, often when only one certain thing is available.
Formation: Noun + しか + Negative verb
もう
•
already; anymore
Usage Context: Used to express completion or the state of something being done; also used to imply 'not anymore' in negative sentences.
Formation: もう + Verb/Adjective/Noun
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