JLPT N4 Grammar - Page 4

Study JLPT N4 grammar patterns

いらっしゃる
•
To come; to go; to be (polite)
Usage Context: Used primarily in formal and respectful contexts, such as speaking to or about someone of higher status.
Formation: Generally used in formal contexts to show respect when talking about someone's actions (e.g., com...
~かどうか
•
whether or not; if it is true
Usage Context: Used to indicate uncertainty about a statement or to inquire about its truthfulness.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + かどうか; い-adjective + かどうか; な-adjective + かどうか; Noun + かどうか
きっと
•
surely
Usage Context: Used when expressing a high degree of certainty about something.
Formation: [きっと] + Verb/Adjective/Noun
てくれる
•
To do something for me (familiar)
Usage Context: Used when someone else does something for the speaker's benefit.
Formation: Verb in て-form + くれる
てすみません
•
Sorry for doing something
Usage Context: Used to apologize for an action that has occurred, often in more formal or polite settings.
Formation: Verb て-form + すみません
〇〇とか〇〇とか
•
Things like...; among other things..
Usage Context: Used in informal spoken contexts to list examples.
Formation: Noun とか Noun とか
って
•
You said; he said; they said.
Usage Context: Used in casual conversations to report what someone said.
Formation: Use at the end of a sentence to indicate reported speech in a casual conversation. Often follows ...
じゃないか
•
Isn't it?; don't you think?
Usage Context: Used commonly in both spoken and informal written Japanese to seek confirmation or agreement.
Formation: Attach to the end of a sentence; usually with plain form verbs, adjectives, and nouns.
なさい
•
Command or instruction
Usage Context: Used to give direct orders or instructions, typically by someone in a higher position or by a parent to a child.
Formation: Verb stem + なさい
ということ
•
It means; so that means...
Usage Context: Used in explanations to indicate that a previous statement has a specific meaning.
Formation: Noun + ということ, Verb (Plain form) + ということ
間
•
Space between; interval
Usage Context: Used to talk about the time or space between two points or during a period something continues.
Formation: Noun + 間 (aida) / Verb (dictionary form) + 間
に気がつく
•
to notice; to become aware of
Usage Context: Used when expressing realization or becoming aware of something you hadn't noticed before.
Formation: Noun + に気がつく; Verb (dictionary form) + ことに気がつく
させる
•
To make someone do something
Usage Context: Used when someone in a position of authority wants someone else to perform an action.
Formation: Verb root + させる
てみる
•
To try doing something
Usage Context: Use it when you want to try something for the first time or see how it works.
Formation: Verb て-form + みる
やすい
•
Easy to...
Usage Context: Used to express that an action is easy to perform.
Formation: Verb stem + やすい
〇〇がする
•
It smells; it feels; it sounds.
Usage Context: Used frequently to talk about how things are perceived by senses like smell or sound.
Formation: Noun + がする
なさる
•
to do (polite)
Usage Context: Used when you want to show respect in doing something, often towards someone of higher status.
Formation: Used as a polite expression for the verb 'する' (suru).
らしい
•
Seems like; appears like
Usage Context: Used when giving information that is not confirmed by the speaker directly, often based on hearsay.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + らしい; Noun + らしい; い-adjective (stem) + らしい; な-adjective (stem) + らしい
てやる
•
To do something for someone (familiar)
Usage Context: Used when offering help to someone in a casual or familiar setting.
Formation: Verb て-form + やる
さ
•
~ness
Usage Context: This form is used to create a noun representing the degree or measure of the adjective.
Formation: This is used with adjectives, specifically the -i adjectives, by removing the -i and adding -sa. ...
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