JLPT N4 Grammar - Page 2

Study JLPT N4 grammar patterns

は〜が
•
Topic marker; contrasts topics
Usage Context: Often used in everyday conversation to highlight or contrast different subjects within a statement.
Formation: Noun は Noun/Adjective/Verb が
ようにする
•
To make an effort to; to ensure
Usage Context: Used when expressing efforts or intentions to achieve or maintain a specific state or activity.
Formation: Verb in dictionary form + ようにする
いたします
•
Humble form of 'to do'
Usage Context: Used in formal situations, particularly in customer service or other settings where the speaker needs to show respect.
Formation: お + Verb stem + いたします
までに
•
By; before a certain time
Usage Context: Used to set a deadline or time limit for an action or event.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + までに / Noun + までに
など
•
Etc.; and so on
Usage Context: Often used in everyday conversations to imply there are additional similar items in the list.
Formation: Used after nouns. It lists examples without giving an exhaustive list.
そんなに
•
So much; like that.
Usage Context: Used to emphasize the degree of an action or a state.
Formation: Used before adjectives, verbs, and adverbs to indicate an excessive or surprising degree of somet...
と
•
Particle 'and' or 'with'
Usage Context: Used to list items or indicate accompaniment with people or things.
Formation: Noun1 + と + Noun2
全然〇〇ない
•
Not at all; not in the slightest
Usage Context: Used in both spoken and written Japanese to emphasize a complete negation.
Formation: 全然 + Verb (negative form) / い-adjective (negative form) / な-adjective (negative form) / noun + ではない
たがる
•
To want to; to be eager to (third person)
Usage Context: Used to describe a third person's apparent desire or eagerness to do something, often with visible signs.
Formation: Verb stem (ます-form without ます) + たがる
たら
•
~tara
Usage Context: Used to describe a condition that, if met, will result in a certain outcome.
Formation: Verb-casual, past + ら
続ける
•
To continue; to keep on
Usage Context: Used to express continuity in actions or activities.
Formation: Verb stem + 続ける
はずだ
•
It should be; it must be.
Usage Context: Used when you are quite certain about something based on context or evidence.
Formation: Verb (plain form) + はずだ; い-adjective + はずだ; な-adjective + な + はずだ; Noun + の + はずだ
はずがない
•
It cannot be; it is impossible
Usage Context: Used when you strongly believe something is not true or cannot happen.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + はずがない; い-adjective + はずがない; な-adjective + な + はずがない; Noun + の + はずがない
てよかった
•
I’m glad I did
Usage Context: Used to express relief or satisfaction after completing an action or event.
Formation: Verb in て-form + よかった
〇〇がり
•
gari (showing high interest)
Usage Context: Used to describe someone who tends to be eager or shows a strong interest in certain characteristics.
Formation: Used after the adjective stem or noun to describe someone who is prone to or eager for that chara...
なければならない
•
Must do; have to
Usage Context: Used to express a strong obligation to do something, similar to 'must' or 'have to' in English.
Formation: Verb (Negative Form) + なければならない
になる
•
To become; it has been decided that
Usage Context: Used frequently in everyday conversations to express changes or decisions.
Formation: Noun + になる; Na-adjective (remove な) + になる; I-adjective (change the い to く) + なる
たらいいですか
•
What should I do?; Is it okay if I...?
Usage Context: Used to ask for advice or suggestions in practical, everyday situations.
Formation: Verb (past tense form) + たら + いいですか
かしら
•
I wonder (often feminine tone)
Usage Context: Commonly used by females in informal contexts to express wonder.
Formation: Used after a plain form verb or adjective.
にする
•
To choose or make a decision on something.
Usage Context: Used to indicate a choice or decision regarding an action or item.
Formation: Noun + にする
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