JLPT N3 Grammar - Page 3

Study JLPT N3 grammar patterns

〇〇しかない
•
There is no choice but to 〇〇; have to 〇〇
Usage Context: Used when there's only one option or course of action available.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + しかない
それとも
•
Or; or else
Usage Context: Used in questions to offer two alternative options.
Formation: Used to connect two sentences or clauses with a question or choice.
てもかまわない
•
It doesn’t matter if; it’s okay to
Usage Context: This form is typically used in contexts where one wants to express that doing something is allowed or permissible wit...
Formation: Verb て-form + もかまわない; い-adjective (remove い) + くてもかまわない; な-adjective/ noun + でもかまわない
うちに
•
While; during; before it changes.
Usage Context: Used when you want to do something while in a certain situation or state before it changes.
Formation: Verb dictionary form + うちに; Verb negative form + うちに; い-adjective + うちに; な-adjective + な + うちに; N...
上で
•
After doing something; as a result of.
Usage Context: Used to show that one action took place after another action was completed or as a result of it.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + 上で OR Verb (た-form) + 上で
どんなに
•
No matter how much
Usage Context: To express that a situation or condition does not change regardless of the amount or degree.
Formation: どんなに + adjective/adverb + か
ふと
•
Suddenly
Usage Context: Used when something occurs suddenly or when someone does something unexpectedly.
Formation: Used with verbs to express something happening suddenly or unexpectedly.
一体
•
What on earth; what the heck
Usage Context: Used when confused or shocked by a situation.
Formation: 一体 + question
なんて
•
What...; how....
Usage Context: It is often used in spoken language to express surprise, disbelief, or disdain.
Formation: Noun/Verb + なんて
せいで
•
Because of; due to
Usage Context: Used to indicate a negative reason or cause.
Formation: Noun + のせいで; Verb casual form + せいで
ものだから
•
Because; due to
Usage Context: Used in explanations where the speaker provides a reason or excuse for an action, often in a somewhat apologetic or e...
Formation: Phrase (reason/cause) + ものだから
確かに
•
Certainly; surely
Usage Context: Used when one wants to affirm something strongly.
Formation: Used before a verb phrase or statement to emphasize certainty.
たとえ〇〇ても
•
Even if; no matter what
Usage Context: Used when expressing conditions that do not affect the outcome or state.
Formation: たとえ + verb/adjective in て form + も
わざと
•
On purpose; intentionally
Usage Context: Used when someone performs an action intentionally, rather than accidentally.
Formation: わざと is typically used with verbs to indicate intentional action.
あまり
•
Too much; excessively
Usage Context: Used when something is in excess or more than desired, often followed by a negative expression.
Formation: あまり + noun/verb/adjective (negative form often follows)
向け
•
intended for; aimed at
Usage Context: This form is used when describing something that is created or designed for a specific audience or purpose.
Formation: Noun + 向け
〇〇べきではない
•
Should not; must not
Usage Context: Used to express that an action is not recommended or shouldn't be done.
Formation: (Verb dictionary form) + べきではない
一度も
•
Not even once; never
Usage Context: Used to emphasize that not even once has an action happened.
Formation: Verb in negative form + 一度も (ichido mo)
に反して
•
Against; contrary to
Usage Context: Used when something is contrary to expectations or predictions.
Formation: Used with nouns.
において
•
At; in; as for
Usage Context: This form is used in more formal contexts to specify location or a particular sphere in which something happens.
Formation: Noun + において
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