JLPT N1 Grammar - Page 11

Study JLPT N1 grammar patterns

とはいうものの
•
Having said that; be that as it may
Usage Context: It is used when acknowledging a fact and then mentioning something contrary to it.
Formation: Verb普通形 (Futsūkei) + とはいうものの / い-adjective + とはいうものの / な-adjective + とはいうものの / Noun + とはいうものの
つ〜つ
•
alternating actions (～tsu ～tsu)
Usage Context: Used primarily in literary contexts or to describe hesitance or ambivalence.
Formation: Verb stem + つ + Verb stem + つ
はおろか
•
Let alone; not to mention
Usage Context: This form is used to highlight the difficulty or improbability of something in comparison to another seemingly simple...
Formation: Noun + はおろか
はさておき
•
Setting aside; putting aside
Usage Context: Used to temporarily dismiss a less important topic to address a more pressing one.
Formation: Noun + はさておき
や否や
•
The moment that; as soon as
Usage Context: Used to describe two closely timed events, where the second event happens immediately after the first.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + や否や
やしない
•
Not (emphatic negative)
Usage Context: Often used in casual speech when emphasizing disbelief or impossibility.
Formation: Conjugate the verb to the negative ない form and remove the い, then add やしない.
うが
•
No matter how/what
Usage Context: Used to express indifference to the outcome or actions of others.
Formation: Verb (Volitional form) + が
うが〜まいが
•
Whether ~ or not ~
Usage Context: Used to express indifference to two possible actions or states.
Formation: Verb volitional form + うが Verb negative stem + まいが
うか〜まいか
•
Whether or not
Usage Context: Used when expressing indecision or uncertainty about whether to perform an action.
Formation: Verb (volitional form) + か + Verb (negative volitional form まい) + か
うものなら
•
If one chooses to
Usage Context: Used to discuss hypothetical situations with potentially serious or undesirable outcomes.
Formation: Verb (dictionary form) + うものなら
うにも〜ない
•
Even if one tries to do something, it can’t be done
Usage Context: Used to express an inability to perform an action despite the intention or wish to do it.
Formation: Verb in volitional form (e.g., 行こう), followed by にも, then verb in negative form (e.g., 行けない).
ようによっては
•
Depending on how
Usage Context: Used to describe how a situation can vary based on different methods or ways of doing something.
Formation: Verb stem + ようによっては
ゆえに
•
Therefore; consequently
Usage Context: Used in formal writing or speech to indicate a cause or reason for something.
Formation: Noun + ゆえに
ざる
•
~zaru (Not; -un)
Usage Context: Primarily used in literature or set phrases. Rarely used in everyday conversation.
Formation: Negative form of archaic classical Japanese, mainly used in set phrases or literary contexts.
ずじまい
•
Never; end up not doing
Usage Context: Used to express regret or disappointment about not being able to do something by the end of a certain time period.
Formation: Verb + ずじまい
ずくめ
•
Entirely; completely
Usage Context: Used in contexts where something is entirely or completely one thing, usually describing an array of similar things o...
Formation: Noun + ずくめ
ずとも
•
Even without doing
Usage Context: Used when you want to express that something is understood or happens even if a certain action is not performed.
Formation: Verb (negative stem) + ずとも
所詮
•
After all
Usage Context: Used to express the inevitability or final conclusion of a situation.
Formation: Placed at the beginning of a sentence.
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